Sushruta Samhita Chapter 42 Rasa Vishesha Vijnaniya Adhyaya

केचिदाहुः- अग्नीषोमीयत्वाज्जगतो रसा द्विविधाः- सौम्या आग्नेयाश्च |
मधुरतिक्तकषायाः सौम्याः; कट्वम्ललवणा आग्नेयाः |
तत्र मधुराम्ललवणाः स्निग्धा गुरवश्च, कटुतिक्तकषाया रूक्षा लघवश्च; सौम्याः शीताः, आग्नेया उष्णाः ||७||
Some authorities say – for the reason that world is predominant with properties of fireplace and water, even the tastes are of two varieties – Saumya (water / cool) and Agneya (hearth / scorching). Madhura, Tikta and Kashaya are Saumya; wheres Katu, Amla and lavana are Agneya. Madhura, Amla and Lavana are snigdha (unctuous) and Guru (heavy), whereas the Katu, tikta and kashaya are Ruksha (dry) and laghu (mild, simple for digestion). Saumya are sheeta (chilly) and Agneya are Ushna (scorching).

Vata and Kashaya Rasa

तत्र शैत्यरौक्ष्यलाघववैशद्यवैष्टम्भ्य गुणलक्षणो वायुः, तस्य समानयोनिः कषायो रसः; सोऽस्य शैत्याच्छैत्यं वर्धयति, रौक्ष्याद्रौक्ष्यं, लाघवाल्लाघवं , वैशद्याद्वैशद्यं, वैष्टम्भ्याद्वैष्ट मिति; ॥८(१)॥
Coldness, dryness, lightness, non-sliminess, withholding (stopping) obstructing – are the properties of Vata. Kashaya rasa (astringent style) is an identical  to Vata by beginning (origin), so by its (of astringent style) coldness it causes enhance of chilly within the physique, by its dryness it will increase dryness, by its lightness it will increase levity, by its viscidity it will increase viscidity and by property of  withholding it will increase stopping (actions).
Learn – Astringent Style – Qualities, Well being Advantages, Aspect Results

Pitta and Katu Rasa

औष्णयतैक्ष्ण्यरौक्ष्मलाघववै शद्यगुणलक्षणं पित्तं , तस्य समानयोनिः, कटुको रसः; सोऽस्य औष्ण्यादौष्णयं वर्धयति, तैक्ष्णयात्तैक्ष्ण्यं , रौक्ष्याद्रौक्ष्यं, लाघवाल्लाघवं, वैशद्याद्वैशद्यमिति॥८(२)॥

Warmth, sharpness / penetrating, dryness, lightness and non – sliminess are the properties of pitta. Katu rasa (pungent style) is an identical to it (pitta) by beginning. So, by its (of pungent style) warmth, it causes enhance of warmth (in physique), by its sharpness it will increase sharpness (within the physique), by its dryness it will increase dryness, by lightness it will increase lightness and by its non- sliminess it will increase non- sliminess.
Learn – Pungent Style, Spices: Qualities, Well being Advantages, Aspect Results

Kapha and Madhura Rasa

माधुर्यस्नेहगौरवशौत्यपैच्छिल्यगुणलक्ष्णः श्लेष्मा; तस्य समानयोनिर्मधुरो रसः, सोऽस्य माधुर्यान्माधुर्यं वर्धयति, स्नेहात् स्नेहं, गौरवाद्रौरवं, शौत्याच्छैत्यं, पैच्छिल्यात् पैच्छिल्यमिति ॥८(३)॥

Sweetness, unctuousness, heaviness, coldness and sliminess are the properties of shleshma (kapha). Madhura rasa (candy style) is an identical to it (kapha) by beginning. So, by its (of candy style) sweetness it causes enhance of sweetness within the physique, by its unctuous property it will increase unctuousness, by its heaviness it will increase heaviness, by its coldness it will increase coldness and by its sliminess it will increase sliminess within the physique.
Learn – Advantages of Candy Style – Ayurveda Description, Impact On Physique

तस्य पुनरन्योनिः कटुको रसः स श्लेष्पणः प्रत्यनिकत्वात् कटुकत्वान्माधुर्यमभिभवति, रौक्ष्यात् स्नेहं, रौक्ष्यात् स्नेहं, लाघवाद्रौरवम्, औष्ण्याच्चैत्यं, वैश्द्यात् पैच्छिल्यमिति ।तदेदन्निदर्शनमात्रमुक्तं भवति ॥८(४)॥

Katurasa (pungent style) is completely different from it (Kapha) by beginning, due to possessing reverse qualities, it (pungent style) by its pungency masks (overpower) sweetness, by its dryness overpowers unctuousness, by its lightness overpowers heaviness, by its warmth overpowers chilly, by its viscidity it overpowers sliminess.
The above description is for the sake of illustration solely.

Rasa Lakshana- Properties of tastes

रसलक्षणमत ऊर्ध्वं वक्ष्यामः- तत्र, यः परितोषमुत्पादयति प्रह्लादयति तर्पयति जीवयति मुखोपलेपं जनयति श्लेष्माणं चाभिवर्धयति स मधुरः;
यो दन्तहर्षमुत्पादयति मुखास्रावं जनयति श्रद्धां चोत्पादयति सोऽम्लः;
यो भक्तरुचिमुत्पादयति कफप्रसेकं जनयति मार्दवं चापादयति स लवणः; यो जिह्वाग्रं बाधते उद्वेगं जनयति शिरो गृह्णीते नासिकां स्रावयति स कटुकः; यो गले चोषमुत्पादयति मुखवैशद्यं जनयति भक्तरुचिं चापादयति हर्षं च स तिक्तः; यो वक्त्रं परिशोषयति जिह्वां स्तम्भयति कण्ठं बध्नाति हृदयं कर्षति पीडयति च स कषाय इति ||९||

 Additional, we’ll describe the properties of style;-

Madhura Rasa – That which produces total contentment, happiness, satisfaction, enlivening, causes coating within the mouth and will increase Kapha is Madhura (candy).
Amla Rasa – That which produces tingling of the tooth, will increase salivations and creates wishes (in meals) is Amla (bitter).
Lavana Rasa – That which bestows style to the meals, produces extra move of Kapha and creates softness in Lavana (salt).
Katu Rasa – That which hurts the tip of the tongue, causes feelings, seizes the top (causes headache), produces secretion within the nostril is Katuka (pungent).
Tikta Rasa – That which produces burning sensation within the throat, cleanses of the mouth (removes coating of dust), bestows need in meals and horripilations is Tikta (bitter).
Kashaya Rasa – That which creates dryness of the mouth, withholds the (motion of) the tongue, obstructs the throat, debilitates and hurts the center is Kashaya (astringent).

Rasa Guna – Capabilities of the tastes

Madhura Rasa (candy style) –

रसगुणानत ऊर्ध्वं वक्ष्यामः- तत्र, मधुरो  रसो  रसरक्तमांसमेदोऽस्थिमज्जौजः शुक्रस्तन्यवर्धनश्चक्षुष्यः केश्यो वर्ण्यो बलकृत्सन्धानः
शोणितरसप्रसादनो बालवृद्धक्षतक्षीणहितः षट्पदपिपीलिकानामिष्टतमस्तृष्णामूर्च्छादाहप्रशमनः षडिन्द्रियप्रसादनः कृमिकफकरश्चेति; स एवंगुणोऽप्येकएवात्यर्थमासेव्यमानः कासश्वासालसकवमथुवदनमाधुर्यस्वरोपघातकृमिगलगण्डानापादयति तथाऽर्बुदश्लीपदबस्तिगुदोपलेपाभिष्यन्दप्रभृतीञ्जनयति॥१०(१)॥

Properties of candy style –

• will increase / helps progress of Rasa (plasma) Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle mass), Medas (fats), Asthi (bone), Majja (bone marrow), Ojas (essence of dhatus), shukra Semen), and Stanya (breastmilk);
• is nice for the eyes (imaginative and prescient), hairs, color of the pores and skin,
• bestows energy,
• unites issues,
• purifies blood and plasma;
• greatest suited to youngsters, previous individuals, the wounded, emaciated,
• very a lot preferred by bees and ants;
• relieves thirst, fainting, burning sensation;
• satisfies all of the six sense organs,
• produces worms(micro organism and so on) and will increase Kapha

Results of consuming solely candy style –

Although  endowed with properties reminiscent of these, if used alone in additional high quality, it (candy style) offers rise to cough, dyspnoea, lengthy static of meals within the abdomen, vomiting, candy style within the mouth, hindrance to voice speech, genesis of worms, goitre, malignant tumour, filariasis, assortment of dust contained in the urinary bladder and rectum, ophthalmic conjunctivitis and such different ailments.

Amla Rasa (bitter style) –

अम्लो जरणः पाचनो दीपनः पवननिग्रहणोऽनुलोमनः कोष्ठविदाही बहिःशीतः क्लेदनः प्रायशोहृद्यश्चेति; स एवंगुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपसेव्यमानो दन्तहर्षनयसंमीलनरोमसं वेजनकफविलयनशरीरशौथिल्यान्यापादयति, तथा  क्षताभिहतदग्धदष्टभग्ररुग्णशूनप्रच्युतावमूत्रितविसर्पितच्छिन्नभिन्नविद्धोत्पिष्टादीनि पाचयत्याग्रेयस्वभावात् परिदहति कण्ठमुरो हृदयं चेति ॥१०(२)॥

Properties of bitter style –

• is digestive,
• kindles starvation and digestion,
• mitigates pavana (vata),
• helps elimination (of faces and so on),
• causes burning sensation contained in the alimentary tract;
• is chilly to the touch,
• creates moistness and
• typically good for the center

Although possessing these qualities, if used alone in additional amount, it (bitter style) produces tingling of the tooth, closing of the eyes, horripilations, liquefaction of Kapha, and looseness of the physique. It causes suppuration of wounds attributable to blows, burns, snake chew and so on, animal bites, fractures, swelling, dropping (dislocation),  wounds attributable to bugs like spiders and so on urinating on the physique, contact of toxic bugs, wounds reminiscent of severed, punctured, torn, crushed and so on. Because of fiery nature, it causes burning sensation within the throat, chest and chest (cardiac area).
Learn – Bitter Style – Qualities, Well being Advantages, Aspect Results

Lavana Rasa (salt style) –

लवणः संशोधनः पाचनो विश्लेषणः क्लेदनः शैथिल्यकृदुष्णः सर्वरसप्रत्यनीको मार्गविशोधनः सर्वशरीरावयवमार्दवकरश्चेति; स एवंगुणोऽप्येकएवात्यर्थमासेव्यमानो गात्रकण्डूकोठशोफवैवर्ण्यपुस्त्वोपघातेन्द्रियोपतापमुखाक्षिपाकरक्तपित्तवाशोणिताम्लीकाप्रभृतिनापादयति ॥१०(३)॥

Properties of salt style –

• is air purifier of the physique,
• digestive,
• separates combination of issues,
• causes moistness and looseness,
• scorching (produces warmth),
• suppresses all different tastes, 
• clears the passages (of Doshas, Dhatus, and Malas), and
• bestows softness to all of the components of the physique

Although possessing these qualities, if utilized in extra amount it offers rise to itching, rashes on the pores and skin, swelling, discoloration, impotence, debility of the sense organs, ulceration of the mouth and eyes, bleeding ailments, gout and bitter belching  and so on.

Katu Rasa (pungent style) –

कटुको दीपनः पाचनो रोचनः शोधनः स्थौल्यालस्यकफकृमिविषकुष्ठकण्डूप्रशमाः  सन्धिबन्धविच्छेदनोऽवसादनः स्तन्यशुक्रमेदसामुहन्ता चेति: स एवंगुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपसेव्यमानो भ्रममदगलताल्वोष्ठशोषदाहसंतापबलविघातकम्पतो दभेदकृत्  करचरणपार्श्वपृष्ठप्रभृतिषु च  वातशूलानापादयति ॥१०(४)॥

Properties of pungent style – Katu Rasa (pungent style) –

• it kindles starvation,
• is digestive,
• helps style,
• purifies the physique,
• mitigates corpulence (weight problems), lassitude, extra of kapha, worms, poison, leprosy,(and another pores and skin ailments) and itching;
• releases stiffness of joints,
• causes melancholy of the thoughts and
• decreases breast milk, semen and fats

Although possessing these qualities, when utilized in extra amount it offers rise to giddiness, toxicity, dryness of the throat, palate and lips, burning sensation, warmth exhaustion, lack of energy, trembling, pricking ache and ache of Vata origin within the arms, legs, flanks again and so on.

Tikta Rasa (bitter style) –

तिक्तश्छेदनो रोचनो दीपनः  शोधनः कण्डूकोठतृष्णामूर्च्छाज्वरप्रशमनः स्तन्यशोधनो विण्मूत्रक्लेदमेदोवसापूयोपशोषणश्चेति;  स एवंगुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपसेव्यमानो गात्रमन्यास्तम्भाक्षेपकार्दितशिरः शूलभ्रमतोदभेदच्छेदास्यवैरस्यान्यापादयति ॥१०(५)॥

Properties of bitter style –

• it removes adhering,
• helps style,
• kindles starvation,
• purifies the physique,
• relieves itching, rashes of the pores and skin, thirst, fainting, and fever,
• purifies breast milk,
• dries up the faeces, urine, moistness (sweat and different fluids) fats, muscle mass fats, and pus

Although  endowed with these qualities, if used alone in additional amount, it offers rise to stiffness of the entire physique, wry neck, convulsions, facial paralysis, headache, giddiness, pains reminiscent of pricking, chopping, incising and so on and dangerous style within the mouth.

Kashaya Rasa (astringent style) –

कषायः संग्राहको रोपणः स्तम्भनः शोधनो लेखनः  शोषणः पीडनः क्लेदोपशोषणश्चेति; स एवंगुणोऽप्येक एवात्यर्थमुपसेव्यमानो हृत्पीडास्यशोषोदराध्मानवाक्यग्रहमन्यास्तम्भगात्रस्फुरणचुमुचुमायनाकुञ्चनाक्षेपणप्रभृतीञ्जनयति ॥१०॥

Properties of astringent style – Kashaya Rasa (astringent style) –

• withholds elimination,
• heals wounds,
• causes stiffness,
• purifies the physique,
• scarifies,
• causes dryness, squeezing and
• dries up moisture

Even with all these qualities, if used alone in nice portions it offers rise to ache within the coronary heart, dryness of the mouth, distension of the stomach, hindrance to talking; wryneck, throbbing within the physique components, tingling, constrictions, convulsions and so on.
Learn – Bitter Style – Qualities, Well being Advantages, Aspect Results

Madhuradi Vargas

अतः सर्वेषामेव द्रव्याण्युपदेक्ष्यामः |
तद्यथा- काकोल्यादिः क्षीरघृतवसामज्जशालिषष्टिकयवगोधूममाषशृङ्गाटककसेरुकत्रपुसैर्वारुकर्कारुकालाबूकालिन्दकतक- गिलोड्यप्रियालपुष्करबीजकाश्मर्यमधूकद्राक्षाखर्जूरराजादनतालनालिकेरेक्षुविकारबलातिबलात्मगुप्ता- विदारीपयस्यागोक्षुरकक्षीरमोरटमधूलिकाकूष्माण्डप्रभृतीनि समासेन मधुरो वर्गः; दाडिमामलकमातुलुङ्गाम्रातककपित्थकरमर्दबदरकोलप्राचीनामलकतिन्तिडीककोशाम्रकभव्यपारावत- वेत्रफललकुचाम्लवेतसदन्तशठदधितक्रसुराशुक्तसौवीरकतुषोदकधान्याम्लप्रभृतीनि समासेनाम्लो वर्गः; सैन्धवसौवर्चलविडपाक्यरोमकसामुद्रकपक्त्रिमयवक्षारोषरप्रसूतसुवर्चिकाप्रभृतीनि समासेन लवणो वर्गः; पिप्पल्यादिः सुरसादिः शिग्रुमधुशिग्रुमूलकलशुनसुमुखशीतशिवकुष्ठदेवदारुहरेणुकावाल्गुजफल- चण्डागुग्गुलुमुस्तलाङ्गलकीशुकनासापीलुप्रभृतीनि सालसारादिश्च प्रायशः कटुको वर्गः; आरग्वधादिर्गुडूच्यादिर्मण्डूकपर्णीवेत्रकरीरहरिद्राद्वयेन्द्रयववरुणस्वादुकण्टकसप्तपर्णबृहतीद्वयशङ्खिनीद्रवन्ती- त्रिवृत्कृतवेधनकर्कोटककारवेल्लवार्ताककरीरकरवीरसुमनःशङ्खपुष्प्यपामार्गत्रायमाणाशोकरोहिणीवैजयन्ती- सुवर्चलापुनर्नवावृश्चिकालीज्योतिष्मतीप्रभृतीनि समासेन तिक्तो वर्गः; न्यग्रोधादिरम्बष्ठादिः प्रियङ्ग्वादी रोध्रादिस्त्रिफलाशल्लकीजम्ब्वाम्रबकुलतिन्दुकफलानि कतकशाकफलपाषाणभेदकवनस्पतिफलानि सालसारादिश्च प्रायशः कुरुवककोविदारकजीवन्तीचिल्लीपालङ्क्यासुनिषण्णकप्रभृतीनि वरकादयो  मुद्गादयश्च समासेन कषायो वर्गः ||११||

Subsequent, we’ll enumerate the substance belonging to these tastes as follows:-

1. Madhura Varga – Candy group
Medicine of Kakolyadi gana, Milk, Ghee, Vasa (muscle fats), majja (bone marrow), Sali, Swastika, Barley, Wheat, Black gram, Shringataka, Kaseruka, Trapusa, Ervarpka, Karkaruka, Alabu, Kalinda, Kataka, Giloda, Priyala, Puskarabija, Kasmarya, Madhuka, Darksa, Dates, Rajadana, Tala, Nalikera, Iksuvikara (merchandise of sugarcane juice), bala, atibala, Atmagupta, Vidari, Payasya, Goksuraka, Ksiramorata, Madhulika, Kushmanda and such others – these briefly, kind Madhura Varga – group of substances of candy style.

 2.  Amla varga – bitter group
Dadima,  Amalaka, Matulunga, Amrataka, Kapittha, Karamarda, badara, Kola, Pracinamalaka, Tintidika, Kosamraka, bhavya, paravata, Vetraphala, lakuca, Amlavestasa, Dantasatha, Curd, Buttermilk, sura, sukta, sauviraka, Tusodaka, Dhanyamla (these are fermented drinks) – these, briefly, kind AmlaVarga – group of gear of bitter style.

3. Lavana  varga – salt group
Saindhava, Sauvarcala, Bida, Pakya (udbhida lavana), Romakka, Samudra, Prakrima (salt obtained by boiling salt water), Yavaka (ash of barley), Usara prasuta (Usara lavana), Suvarcika and so on – these briefly kind Lavana Varga – group of  substances of salt style.

4. Katuka varga – Pungent group
Medicine of Pippalyadi Gana, Surasadi Gana, Sigru, Madhusigru, Mulaka, Garlic, Sumukha,Sitasiva, Kustha, Devadaru, Harenuka, Avalguja Phala, canda, guggulu, Musta, Langalaki, Sukanasa, Pila and so on, medicine of Salasaradi gana- these typically kind Katu varga – group of gear of Pungent style.

5. Tikta Varga – Bitter group
Medicine of aragwadhadi gana, guducyadi gana, Mandukaprani, vetrakarira the 2 haridra, Indrayava, Varuna, Swadukantaka, saptaparna, the 2 Brhati, Sankhini, Dravanti, Trivrt, Krtavedhana, Karkotaka, Karvella, Vartaka, Karira, Karavira, Sumana, Sankhapuspi, apamarga, Trayamana, Asokarohini, Vaijayanti, Suvarcala, Punarnava, Vrscikali, jyothirmayi and so on, briefly, kind Tikta Varga – group of gear of bitter style.

 6. Kashaya varga – astringent group
Medicine of Nyagrodhadi, Ambasthadi, and Priyangvadi, Rodhradi ganas, Triphala, shallaki, Jambu, Amra, Bakula, fruits of Tinduka, Kataka and shaka Phala, Pashanabheda, Vanaspatiphala (fruits of timber like Nyagrodha and so on) teams of  Salasaradi gana typically. Kurabaka, Kovidaraka, Jivanti, chilli, Palankya, sunishannaka and so on, varaka and so on (ku dhanya varga) and Mudagadi and so on (vidala varga) briefly, from Kashaya varga – group of astringent style.

Rasa samyoga Sankhya

Variety of mixtures of tastes

The mixture of those six tastes change into sixty-three in quantity as follows, fifteen by the mixture of two tastes, twenty by the mixture of three tastes, fifteen by the mixture of 4 tastes, six by the mixture of 5 tastes, six by every style individually, and one by the mixture of all six tastes; the utility of those will probably be described elsewhere.

भवति चात्र-
जग्धाः षडधिगच्छन्ति बलिनो वश्यतां रसाः |
यथा प्रकुपिता दोषा वशं यान्ति बलीयसः ||१३||
(Substances of) these six tastes, when consumed by robust individuals will change into subjected (don’t trigger hurt to such individuals), identical to the aggravated doshas change into subjugated in robust individuals.

 इति श्रीसुश्रुतसंहितायां सूत्रस्थाने रसविशेषविज्ञानीयो नाम द्विचत्वारिंशत्तमोऽध्यायः ॥४२॥
 Thus ends the forty-second chapter by title Rasavishesha Vijaniya in sutra sthana of Sushruta Samhita.