This text explains Sushruta Samhita Sutrasthana Chapter 40 “Dravya Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Vijnaniya Adhyaya” – Information of gear and their qualities.
Dravya rasaguna Virya Vipaka Vijnaniya Adhyaya – information of gear and their qualities
अथातो द्रव्यरसगुणवीर्यविपाकविज्ञानीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||
We are going to now expound the chapter by title Dravya rasa guna Virya Vipaka Vijnaniya – Information of Substances, their tastes, qualities, potencies and tastes after- digestion; as revealed by the venerable Dhanvantari.
Learn – Lord Dhanwantari ‘The God of Ayurveda’
Dravyam Pradhanam
Substances are an important
केचिदाचार्या ब्रुवते- द्रव्यं प्रधानं, कस्मात्? व्यवस्थितत्वात्, इह खलु द्रव्यं व्यवस्थितं न रसादयः, यथा आमे फले ये रसादयस्ते पक्वे न सन्ति; नित्यत्वाच्च, नित्यं हि द्रव्यमनित्या गुणाः, यथा कल्कादिप्रविभागः, स एव सम्पन्नरसगन्धो व्यापन्नरसगन्धो वा भवति; स्वजात्यवस्थानाच्च, यथा हि पार्थिवं द्रव्यमन्यभावं न गच्छत्येवं शेषाणि; पञ्चेन्द्रियग्रहणाश्च, पञ्चभिरिन्द्रियैर्गृह्यते द्रव्यं न रसादयः; आश्रयत्वाच्च, द्रव्यमाश्रिता रसादयः; आरम्भसामर्थ्याच्च, द्रव्याश्रित आरम्भः, यथा- ‘विदारिगन्धादिमाहृत्य सङ्क्षुद्य विपचेत्’ इत्येवमादिषु न रसादिष्वारम्भः; शास्त्रप्रामाण्याच्च, शास्त्रे हि द्रव्यं प्रधानमुपदेशे योगानां, यथा- ‘मातुलुङ्गाग्निमन्थौ च’ इत्यादौ न रसादय उपदिश्यन्ते; क्रमापेक्षितत्वाच्च रसादीनां, रसादयो हि द्रव्यक्रममपेक्षन्ते, यथा- तरुणे तरुणाः सम्पूर्णे सम्पूर्णा इति; एकदेशसाध्यत्वाच्च, द्रव्याणामेकदेशेनापि व्याधयः साध्यन्ते, यथा- महावृक्षक्षीरेणेति; तस्माद्द्रव्यं प्रधानं, न रसादयः, कस्मात्? निरवयवत्वात् |
द्रव्यलक्षणं तु ‘क्रियागुणवत् समवायिकारणम्’ इति ||३||
Some authorities – say – that Dravya (substance / drug within the current context) is an important, why so? Due to the next causes,
1. Vyavasthitatva – (fidelity) in line with this science, Dravya (substances) is fixed however not the tastes (qualities) and many others. for eg, the tastes and many others. current within the unripe fruit will not be current within the ripe fruit.
2. Nityatva (permanency) – Dravya (substance) is everlasting and Guna (qualities) will not be everlasting; for eg: qualities of preparations reminiscent of paste and many others. (juice, powder, infusion, decoction and many others) will likely be both good or unhealthy on account of time, mode of making ready and many others.
3. Svajatyavasthana – (stability in its personal class) simply as a substance of Parthiva class doesn’t become that of a special class; in the identical manner the remaining additionally (apya, aganeya, vayaviya and nabhasa substance don’t bear become any class apart from its personal by any means).
4. Panchendriya graham – (perceptible by the 5 sense organs) Dravya (substances) solely is perceptible by all of the 5 sense organs however not the tastes and many others.
5. Ashrayatva (seat / asylum) – style and many others. (qualities) dwell or reside within the substance itself.
6. Arambha Samarthya – (capacity to begin work-commencement of labor / therapy on this context) rely on substances (medicine) solely. As in the assertion – ‘Vidarigandhadi ought to be collected, pounded and boiled in water and such others (statements)”, it’s clear that assortment, pounding, boiling and many others works will be initiated and finished solely with the dravya however they can’t be completed in its qualities like style and many others.
7. Shastra Pramana – (testified by scriptures) authoritative texts have advocated the substances as an important and never the style and many others. Within the description of any formulation, it is just the dravyas which have been talked about however not its style and many others. Instance – Within the formulation ‘Matulungadi Yoga’ the medicine included in it i.e., Matulunga, Agnimantha and many others are talked about and they’re the names of the substances (dravya). Alternatively, their tastes and many others qualities haven’t been talked about in these contexts.
8. Kramapekshitatva – (succeeding order) tastes and many others, want the order of succession (in respect of time); for eg, in the younger (unripe, immature substance / drug) tastes and many others. are additionally younger (delicate / weak) and within the totally grown (mature / ripe) drug, these (style and many others.) are additionally full grown (robust, nicely manifest).
9. Ekadesha sadhyatva – (efficacious even by components) – ailments will be handled even by anybody half / portion of the substances / medicine). For instance, the milky sap of Mahavriksha (snuhi) is used for curing many ailments like stomach tumors, colic, distension (flatulence) of stomach, enlargement of liver and many others. The identical isn’t doable by components of style and many others.
By these causes, Dravya (substance/ drug) is an important and never so the tastes and many others (qualities); as a result of these (tastes and many others) haven’t any components and the definition of Dravya (substance) is “that having features and qualities as its inherent (inseparable) trigger” Features and qualities are thought of as Avayava (part) of the substances.
Learn – Dravya: Which means, Ayurvedic Clarification
Rasa pradhanam
Style is an important
नेत्याहुरन्ये, रसास्तु प्रधानं; कस्मात्? आगमात्, आगमो हि शास्त्रमुच्यते; शास्त्रे हि रसा अधिकृताः, यथा- रसायत्त आहार इति, तस्मिंस्तु प्राणाः; उपदेशाच्च, उपदिश्यन्ते हि रसाः, यथा- मधुराम्ललवणा वातं शमयन्ति; अनुमानाच्च, रसेन ह्यनुमीयते द्रव्यं, यथा- मधुरमिति; ऋषिवचनाच्च, ऋषिवचनं वेदो यथा- किञ्चिदिज्यार्थं मधुरमाहरेदिति, तस्माद्रसाः प्रधानं; रसेषु गुणसञ्ज्ञा |
रसलक्षणमन्यत्रोपदेक्ष्यामः ||४||
Another authorities say – it’s not so, it’s rasa (tastes of gear) solely that’s most essential. Why? As a result of (of the next motive).
1. Agama – (authority) Agama are known as science and (treatises of science). Science offers with tastes solely; as it’s stated “meals will depend on tastes and life will depend on meals”
2. Upadesha – (directions / implications) tastes solely are implied in statements reminiscent of “candy, bitter and salt tastes mitigate Vata”.
3. Anumana – (inference) the substance / drug is decided by its style, such because the candy one (bitter, bitter and many others).
4. Rishi Vachana – (phrases of sages) sayings of sages are the Vedas; as within the Vedic assertion; “convey some candy for conducting the sacrifice.”
Due to these causes, Rasa (style) is an important. By means of the rasa (style), Guna (qualities of gear) is known. The properties of tastes will likely be described elsewhere.
Learn – Six Tastes Of Ayurveda: Qualities, Advantages, Therapeutic Motion (Shad Rasa)
Viryam Pradhanam
Efficiency is an important
नेत्याहुरन्ये, वीर्यं प्रधानमिति |
कस्मात्? तद्वशेनौषधकर्मनिष्पत्तेः |
इहौषधकर्माण्यूर्ध्वाधोभागोभयभागसंशोधनसंशमनसङ्ग्राहिकाग्निदीपनपीडनलेखनबृंहण- रसायनवाजीकरणश्वयथुकरविलयनदहनदारणमादनप्राणघ्नविषप्रशमनादीनि वीर्यप्राधान्याद्भवन्ति |
तच्च वीर्यं द्विविधमुष्णं शीतं च, अग्नीषोमीयत्वाज्जगतः |
केचिदष्टविधमाहुः- शीतमुष्णं स्निग्धं रूक्षं विशदं पिच्छिलं मृदु तीक्ष्णं चेति |
एतानि वीर्याणि स्वबलगुणोत्कर्षाद्रसमभिभूयात्मकर्म कुर्वन्ति |
यथा तावन्महत्पञ्चमूलं कषायं तिक्तानुरसं वातं शमयति, उष्णवीर्यत्वात्; तथा कुलत्थः कषायः, कटुकः पलाण्डुः, स्नेहभावाच्च; मधुरश्चेक्षुरसो वातं वर्धयति, शीतवीर्यत्वात्; कटुका पिप्पली पित्तं शमयति, मृदुशीतवीर्यत्वात्; अम्लमामलकं लवणं सैन्धवं च; तिक्ता काकमाची पित्तं वर्धयति, उष्णवीर्यत्वात्, मधुरा मत्स्याश्च; कटुकं मूलकं श्लेष्माणं वर्धयति, स्निग्धवीर्यत्वात्; अम्लं कपित्थं श्लेष्माणां शमयति, रूक्षवीर्यत्वात्, मधुरं क्षौद्रं च; तदेतन्निदर्शनमात्रमुक्तम् ||५||
Another authorities say, it’s not so, Virya (Efficiency of the drug) is an important; as a result of it’s by these solely actions of the medicine are made doable i.e., virya is chargeable for the actions of the medicine. In accordance with this science, actions reminiscent of purifications of the physique by higher route; decrease route and by each collectively, mitigation, withholding, elimination of doshas, improve of digestive energy, squeezing, scarifying, stoutening, rejuvenation, vilification, producing swelling and lowering it, dissolving, burning,(cauterization), bursting of swelling, inflicting toxicity, inflicting lack of life, detoxing of poison and many others, grow to be doable due to predominance of virya.
This Virya is of two sorts – Ushna (sizzling) and Sheeta (chilly) as a result of the world is predominant in qualities of fireplace and water. Some others say that virya is of eight sorts – viz,
- sheeta (chilly),
- ushna (sizzling),
- snigdha (unctuous),
- ruksha (dry),
- vishada (viscid),
- picchila (slimy),
- mridu (mushy), and
- tikshna (sharp, penetrating)
These potencies changing into highly effective in their very own qualities and nullifying the Rasa (tastes of the drug) carry out their actions. For instance,
- Maha Panchamula is astringent in its main style and bitter in its secondary style, nonetheless it mitigates vata due to sizzling efficiency, so additionally kulattha which is astringent;
- Palandu which is pungent mitigates vata due to its unctuousness
- Juice of iksu although candy in style nonetheless will increase vata due to its chilly efficiency
- Pippali although pungent in style nonetheless mitigates pitta, due to its mushy and chilly potencies
- Equally, Amalaka although bitter and Saidhava although salty in style, nonetheless mitigate pitta;
- Kakamachi although bitter in style nonetheless will increase Pitta due to its sizzling efficiency;
- Equally, Matsya (fish) although candy (will increase pitta)
- Mulaka although pungent nonetheless mitigates Kapha due to its unctuous efficiency;
- Kapitha although bitter in style mitigates kapha due to dry efficiency,
- Madhu i.e., honey, is good in style mitigates kapha on account of its dry efficiency,
These are talked about right here for the sake of examples solely.
Learn – Veerya, Efficiency Of Herbs And Doshas – Inter-relationship
भवन्ति चात्र-
ये रसा वातशमना भवन्ति यदि तेषु वै |
रौक्ष्यलाघवशैत्यानि न ते हन्युः समीरणम् ||६||
ये रसाः पित्तशमना भवन्ति यदि तेषु वै |
तैक्ष्ण्यौष्ण्यलघुताश्चैव न ते तत्कर्मकारिणः ||७||
ये रसाः श्लेष्मशमना भवन्ति यदि तेषु वै |
स्नेहगौरवशैत्यानि न ते तत्कर्मकारिणः ||८||
These tastes that are anticipated to mitigate vata, if possessing dry, gentle (mushy) and chilly potencies, then they (tastes) won’t mitigate Vata.
These tastes that are anticipated to mitigate Pitta, if possessing sharp, sizzling and lightweight( mushy) potencies, then they won’t carry out that perform (of mitigating pitta).
These tastes that are anticipated to mitigate Kapha when possessing unctuous, heavy and chilly potencies, then they won’t try this perform of mitigating Kapha.
तस्माद्वीर्यं प्रधानमिति ||९||
Therefore Virya is an important.
Vipaka Pradhanam
Style – after- digestion is most essential
नेत्याहुरन्ये, विपाकः प्रधानमिति |
कस्मात्? सम्यङ्मिथ्याविपक्वत्वात्; इह सर्वद्रवाण्यभ्यवहृतानि सम्यङ्मिथ्याविपक्वानि गुणं दोषं वा जनयन्ति |
तत्राहुरन्ये- प्रति रसं पाक इति |
केचित्त्रिविधमिच्छन्ति- मधुरमम्लं कटुकं चेति |
तत्तु न सम्यक्, भूतगुणादामाच्चान्योऽम्लो विपाको नास्ति; पित्तं हि विदग्धमम्लतामुपैत्याग्नेयत्वात्; यद्येवं लवणोऽप्यन्यः पाको भविष्यति, श्लेष्मा हि विदग्धो लवणतामुपैतीति |
मधुरो मधुरस्याम्लोऽम्लस्यैवं सर्वेषामिति केचिदाहुः; दृष्टान्तं चोपदिशन्ति- यथा तावत् क्षीरमुखागतं पच्यमानं मधुरमेव स्यात्तथा शालियवमुद्गादयः प्रकीर्णाः स्वभावमुत्तरकालेऽपि न परित्यजन्ति तद्वदिति |
केचिद्वदन्ति- अबलवन्तो बलवतां वशमायान्तीति |
एवमनवस्थितिः, तस्मादसिद्धान्त एषः |
आगमे हि द्विविध एव पाको मधुरः कटुकश्च |
तयोर्मधुराख्यो गुरुः, कटुकाख्यो लघुरिति |
तत्र पृथिव्यप्तेजोवाय्वाकाशानां द्वैविध्यं भवति गुणसाधर्म्याद्गुरुता लघुता च; पृथिव्यापश्च गुर्व्यः, शेषाणि लघूनि; तस्माद्द्विविध एव पाक इति ||१०||
But others say; “It’s not so, Vipaka (style after digestion of the drug) is most essential”. Why So? Due to correct and improper digestion. All substances ingested produce their good or unhealthy impact solely after present process correct or improper digestion.
Some authorities says that every rasa (style) undergoes digestion (and stays as such in Vipika additionally) i.e., since there are six tastes, there are six sorts of vipaka as nicely.But others says that it (Vipaka) is three solely viz, Madhura (candy), Amla (bitter) and Katu (pungent). Each these opinions will not be right.
There is no such thing as a Amla (bitter) Vipaka individually, as a result of from the properties of 5 main parts or from the agama i.e. scriptures / texts of Ayurveda (not talked about within the scriptures), the presence of a separate amla vipaka can’t be justified.
Pitta itself when improperly cooked turns into bitter (in style) due to its sizzling high quality. Equally, there isn’t a lavana (salty) Vipaka individually. Slesma (kapha) itself when improperly cooked turns into salty (style).
Nonetheless others say that candy style turns into candy itself (after digestion), bitter style turns into bitter (itself). Equally different tastes (stays as such after digestion).They cite instance identical to milk being cooked (boiled) in a vessel stays candy solely (even after cooking) and rice, barley, inexperienced gram and many others. which get scattered (or sown) don’t depart off their pure (unique) qualities even in a while.
Some others say that weak ones (tastes) are overpowered by the robust, thus there’s uncertainty, therefore this postulate is untenable.
Scriptures additionally declare that Vipaka (style after digestion) are of two sorts solely, viz, Madhura (candy) and Katuka (pungent). Amongst these, the candy one is guru (heavy) and pungent one is laghu (gentle). Prthvi, Ap, Tejas, Vayu and Akasa (5 parts) kind two teams viz, Guru (heavy) and Laghu (gentle) by mixture of similar properties. Prthvi and ap are guru (heavy) and the remaining are laghu. Therefore Paka (Vipaka) is of two sorts solely.
Learn – Vipaka: Style Conversion Throughout And After Digestion
Figuring out the manifested Vipaka
भवन्ति चात्र-
द्रव्येषु पच्यमानेषु येष्वम्बुपृथिवीगुणाः |
निर्वर्तन्तेऽधिकास्तत्र पाको मधुर उच्यते ||११||
तेजोऽनिलाकाशगुणाः पच्यमानेषु येषु तु |
निर्वर्तन्तेऽधिकास्तत्र पाकः कटुक उच्यते ||१२||
When the qualities of Prthvi and ambu (ap) are produced extra through the digestion of gear, then the guaranteeing Vipaka is known as Madhura (candy).
When qualities of Tejas, Vayu and Akasa are produced significantly throughout digestion, then the following Vipaka is known as Katu (pungent).
Learn – Panchamahabhuta: Software, Areas of Utility in Ayurveda therapy
Mixture of dravya and many others. elements is essential!
पृथक्त्वदर्शिनामेष वादिनां वादसङ्ग्रहः |
चतुर्णामपि सामग्र्यमिच्छन्त्यत्र विपश्चितः ||१३||
These are the gathering of postulates of authorities who argue emphasizing the significance of every one (Dravya, rasa, virya and Vipaka) individually. Students nonetheless think about the mix of all of the 4 elements as essential.
तद्द्रव्यमात्मना किञ्चित्किञ्चिद्वीर्येण सेवितम् |
किञ्चिद्रसविपाकाभ्यां दोषं हन्ति करोति वा ||१४||
Some substances both mitigate or worsen the dosas by their very own self (Dravya), some others achieve this by their virya (efficiency), some else by their rasa (style) and but others by their Vipaka (style after digestion).
Why is dravya an important one?
पाको नास्ति विना वीर्याद्वीर्यं नास्ति विना रसात् |
रसो नास्ति विना द्रव्याद्द्रव्यं श्रेष्ठतमं स्मृतम् ||१५||
There will be no Vipaka with out Virya, no Virya with out rasa and no rasa with out Dravya; therefore Dravya is an important of all.
जन्म तु द्रव्यरसयोरन्योन्यापेक्षिकं स्मृतम् |
अन्योन्यापेक्षिकं जन्म यथा स्याद्देहदेहिनोः ||१६||
वीर्यसञ्ज्ञा गुणा येऽष्टौ तेऽपि द्रव्याश्रयाः स्मृताः |
रसेषु न भवन्त्येते निर्गुणास्तु गुणाः स्मृताः ||१७||
द्रव्ये द्रव्याणि यस्माद्धि विपच्यन्ते न षड्रसाः |
श्रेष्ठं द्रव्यमतो ज्ञेयं, शेषा भावास्तदाश्रयाः ||१८||
Dravya and rasa are stated to be depending on each other by their beginning (origin) identical to the physique and soul.
The eight qualities talked about as Virya additionally reside within the Dravya itself. These will not be current within the Rasas, for the reason that qualities by themselves can not accommodate different qualities (to reside inside them). It’s the Dravya itself that undergoes digestion within the physique however not the six tastes. Therefore Dravya solely ought to be understood as most essential and all of the remaining elements as sheltered in it (current inside the Dravya).
Learn – Rasa Panchaka – 5 Qualities Of Substance (Dravya)
Amimamsyam bhesajam
Properties of medicine to not be mentioned
अमीमांस्यान्यचिन्त्यानि प्रसिद्धानि स्वभावतः |
आगमेनोपयोज्यानि भेषजानि विचक्षणैः ||१९||
प्रत्यक्षलक्षणफलाः प्रसिद्धाश्च स्वभावतः |
नौषधीर्हेतुभिर्विद्वान् परीक्षेत कदाचन ||२०||
सहस्रेणापि हेतूनां नाम्बष्ठादिर्विरचयेत् |
तस्मात्तिष्ठेत्तु मतिमानागमे न तु हेतुषु ||२१||
Clever individuals (physicians) ought to not talk about or take into consideration the properties of medicine that are already fashionable and well-known by their very nature (by beginning itself). He ought to convey them into apply as advocated within the scriptures (texts of Ayurveda).
The medicine whose properties (results) and outcomes are perceivable immediately and these that are fashionable and well-known by their very nature (naturally recognized since a very long time) ought to by no means be re-examined by an clever doctor. Even with a thousand causes, causes, discussions or arguments the purgation impact of Ambasthadi Gana teams of medicines (herbs, medicine) can’t be proved or justified (as a result of they don’t produce purgation and that is popularly recognized by way of ages). Due to this fact, the smart individual (doctor) ought to consider / belief (adhere to) the scriptures and never on different causes / causes.
इति श्रीसुश्रुतसंहितायां सूत्रस्थाने द्रव्यगुणरसवीर्यविपाकविज्ञानीयो नाम चत्वारिंशत्तमोऽध्यायः ॥४०॥
Thus ends the fortieth chapter by title Dravya – rasa – Guna – Virya – Vipaka Vijnaniya in Sutra sthana of Sushruta Samhita.
